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Tuesday, December 20, 2016

how to become a graphic designer

If you’re reading this story online, you’re seeing up close the influence of a graphic designer on the page’s look and feel. In fact, take a glance around, and the work of a graphic designer is everywhere. That fast food company logo? Your desk chair?  The layout of your car’s instrument panel? A graphic designer likely had a hand in all of them. O*NET OnLine summarizes the role of a graphic designer thusly: “Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.” More specifically, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) details typical job duties: Meeting with clients or the art director to determine a project’s scope and advising clients on ways to reach a target particular audience Determining the message and creating images that identify a product or convey that message Developing graphics for product illustrations, logos and websites and selecting colors, images, text style and layout Incorporating client-recommended changes into the final design and reviewing designs for errors About 14% of graphic designers were employed by the manufacturing industry, with another 10% working for specialized design service companies. Newspapers and other print companies employed 9%, while advertising and public relations agencies comprised 8%. Another 5% were employed by wholesale trade companies. How to become a graphic designer Graphic designers need an artistic flair, including the ability to visualize how something will look with various pieces moved around and rearranged. A strong sense of creativity is needed, as is the ability to use a computer and various software packages and programs. Knowledge of the fine arts can be useful, as can more tangible skills such as spelling and grammar. In terms of education, a bachelor’s degree in graphic design or a relate field is the usual pedigree. Coursework is likely to include principles of design, computerized design, studio art, website design, printing techniques and commercial graphics production. Building a portfolio is a goal of many programs and can be accomplished through classroom work and internships In addition, certification programs are available, which may prove appealing to employers. Career options A degree in graphic design opens up numerous options, according to Peterson’s, the college information provider. “Graphic design offers a diverse choice of specialties, ranging from commercial and industrial design (cars, furniture, appliances, etc.) to advertising media (merchandising, marketing, Web design, newspapers and publishing),” Peterson’s wrote. “Of the more than half a million designer jobs in the United States, positions in graphic design comprise about 40 percent.” Other related positions include creative director, fashion designer, marketing manager, senior art director and senior interior designer, according to PayScale.com. Those positions typically are for more-experienced workers; all have a median salary above $64,000. Salary and outlook Graphic designers earned a median salary of $46,900 in 2015, as per BLS data. The top 10% of employees in the profession earned $81,320. The BLS calls for job growth between 2014 and 2024, which equates to 17,400 new jobs, and the agency noted that employment will vary sharply by industry.  For example, while newspaper employment of graphic designers will fall 16%, the number hired by computer systems design companies will climb 35%. Related Posts: 6 Ways to Be a Superb Freelance Graphic Designer

Read more at: https://www.freelancinggig.com/blog/2016/12/07/how-to-become-a-graphic-designer/

Wednesday, December 14, 2016

Top 10 Power point tips

10 Tips for More Effective PowerPoint Presentations

- Dustin Wax

“Oh no! Not another boring PowerPoint presentation! My eyes, my eyes…!!!”

How much does it suck to be in the audience for yet another drawn-out, boring, lifeless slideshow? Worse yet, how much does it such to be the one giving it?

The truth is, bad PowerPoint happens to good people, and quite often the person giving the presentation is just as much a victim as the poor sods listening to her or him.

Here are ten tips to help you add a littlezing! to your next presentation. They are, of course, far from comprehensive, but they’re a start. Feel free to share your own tips in the comments.

1. Write a script.

A little planning goes a long way. Most presentations are written in PowerPoint (or some other presentation package) without any sort of rhyme or reason.

That’s bass-ackwards. Since the point of your slides is to illustrate and expand what you are going to say to your audience. You should know what you intend to say and then figure out how to visualize it. Unless you are an expert at improvising, make sure you write out or at least outline your presentation before trying to put together slides.

And make sure your script follows good storytelling conventions: give it a beginning, middle, and end; have a clear arc that builds towards some sort of climax; make your audience appreciate each slide but be anxious to find out what’s next; and when possible, always leave ‘em wanting more.

2. One thing at a time, please.

At any given moment, what should be on the screen is the thing you’re talking about. Our audience will almost instantly read every slide as soon as it’s displayed; if you have the next four points you plan to make up there, they’ll be three steps ahead of you, waiting for you to catch up rather than listening with interest to the point you’re making.

Plan your presentation so just one new point is displayed at any given moment. Bullet points can be revealed one at a time as you reach them. Charts can be put on the next slide to be referenced when you get to the data the chart displays. Your job as presenter is to control the flow of information so that you and your audience stay in sync.

3. No paragraphs.

Where most presentations fail is that their authors, convinced they are producing some kind of stand-alone document, put everything they want to say onto their slides, in great big chunky blocks of text.

Congratulations. You’ve just killed a roomful of people. Cause of death: terminal boredom poisoning.

Your slides are the illustrations for your presentation, not the presentation itself. They should underline and reinforce what you’re saying as you give your presentation — save the paragraphs of text for your script. PowerPoint and other presentation software have functions to display notes onto the presenter’s screen that do not get sent to the projector, or you can use notecards, a separate word processor document, or your memory. Just don’t put it on the screen – and for goodness’ sake, if you do for some reason put it on the screen, don’t stand with your back to your audience and read it from the screen!

4. Pay attention to design.

PowerPoint and other presentation packages offer all sorts of ways to add visual “flash” to your slides: fades, swipes, flashing text, and other annoyances are all too easy to insert with a few mouse clicks.

Avoid the temptation to dress up your pages with cheesy effects and focus instead on simple design basics:

Use a sans serif font for body text.Sans serifs like Arial, Helvetica, or Calibri tend to be the easiest to read on screens.Use decorative fonts only for slide headers, and then only if they’re easy to read. Decorative fonts –calligraphy, German blackface, futuristic, psychotic handwriting, flowers, art nouveau, etc. – are hard to read and should be reserved only for large headlines at the top of the page. Better yet, stick to a classy serif font like Georgia or Baskerville.Put dark text on a light background. Again, this is easiest to read. If you must use a dark background – for instance, if your company uses a standard template with a dark background – make sure your text is quite light (white, cream, light grey, or pastels) and maybe bump the font size up two or three notches.Align text left or right. Centered text is harder to read and looks amateurish. Line up all your text to a right-hand or left-hand baseline – it will look better and be easier to follow.Avoid clutter. A headline, a few bullet points, maybe an image – anything more than that and you risk losing your audience as they sort it all out.5. Use images sparingly

There are two schools of thought about images in presentations. Some say they add visual interest and keep audiences engaged; others say images are an unnecessary distraction.

Both arguments have some merit, so in this case the best option is to split the difference: use images only when they add important information or make an abstract point more concrete.

While we’re on the subject, absolutely do not use PowerPoint’s built-in clipart. Anything from Office 2003 and earlier has been seen by everyone in your audience a thousand times – they’ve become tired, used-up clichés, and I hopefully don’t need to tell you to avoid tired, used-up clichés in your presentations. Office 2007 and non-Office programs have some clipart that isn’t so familiar (though it will be, and soon) but by now, the entire concept of clipart has about run its course – it just doesn’t feel fresh and new anymore.

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6. Think outside the screen.

Remember, the slides on the screen are only part of the presentation – and not the main part. Even though you’re liable to be presenting in a darkened room, give some thought to your own presentation manner – how you hold yourself, what you wear, how you move around the room. You are the focus when you’re presenting, no matter how interesting your slides are.

7. Have a hook.

Like the best writing, the best presentation shook their audiences early and then reel them in. Open with something surprising or intriguing, something that will get your audience to sit up and take notice. The most powerful hooks are often those that appeal directly to your audience’s emotions – offer them something awesome or, if it’s appropriate, scare the pants off of them. The rest of your presentation, then, will be effectively your promise to make the awesome thing happen, or the scary thingnot happen.

8. Ask questions.

Questions arouse interest, pique curiosity, and engage audiences. So ask a lot of them. Build tension by posing a question and letting your audience stew a moment before moving to the next slide with the answer. Quiz their knowledge and then show them how little they know. If appropriate, engage in a little question-and-answer with your audience, with youasking the questions.

9. Modulate, modulate, modulate.

Especially when you’ve done a presentation before, it can be easy to fall into a drone, going on and on and on and on and on with only minimal changes to your inflection. Always speak as if you were speaking to a friend, not as if you are reading off of index cards (even if you are). If keeping up a lively and personable tone of voice is difficult for you when presenting, do a couple of practice run-throughs. If you still can’t get it right and presentations are a big part of your job, take a public speaking course or join Toastmasters.

10. Break the rules.

As with everything else, there are times when each of these rules – or any other rule you know – won’t apply. If you know there’s a good reason to break a rule, go ahead and do it. Rule breaking is perfectly acceptable behavior – it’s ignoring the rules or breaking them because you just don’t know any better that leads to shoddy boring presentations that lead to boredom, depression, psychopathic breaks, and eventually death. And you don’t want that, do you?

Love this article? Share it with your friends on Facebook

http://www.lifehack.org/articles/featured/10-tips-for-more-effective-powerpoint-presentations.html

Monday, December 12, 2016

গ্রাফিক ডিজাইন সম্পর্কিত কাজ পাওয়ার জন্য ১০টি সেরা স্থান!

গ্রাফিক ডিজাইন সম্পর্কিত কাজ পাওয়ার জন্য ১০টি সেরা স্থান!
- মাহমুদুল হাসান

সবাইকে সালাম ও শুভেচ্ছা জানিয়ে শুরু করছি। আজ আমি আপনাদের সামনে ১০ টি ওয়েব সাইটকে তুলে ধরবো যেখানে আপনি গ্রাফিক্স ডিজাইনের অনেক কাজ পাবেন। আমরা মূলত আপওয়ার্ক এবং ফ্রীল্যান্সার ডট কম কে মুল ফ্রীল্যান্স জব সাইট হিসেবে চিনি এবং জানি। এই দুইটার বাইরে আমরা আরও কিছু সাইট জানি যেমন Fiverr এবং Peopleperhour ইত্যাদি। এই গুলু ছাড়া খুব কম মানুষই আছেন যারা অন্য আরও মার্কেট প্লেস সম্পর্কে জানেন। আমি সেই গুলু নিয়েই আজ আলোচনা করব। অনেকেই আপওয়ার্ক এবং ফ্রীল্যান্সার ডট কম এ চেষ্টা করে হাল ছেড়ে দেন আরে ভাই / আপু আপনি যদি ক্রিয়েটিভ এবং এক্সপার্ট ডিজাইনার হন তাহলে আপনার কাজের অভাব হবে না কথা দিচ্ছি।

১. Coroflot
এই প্লাটফ্রমটাতে ২,০০০ হাজারের ও অধিক কোম্পানি প্রোফাইল আছে যারা প্রতিনিয়ত এখানে জব টিউন করছে। আর এই সাইটের জব ক্যাটাগরি থেকে আপনি আপনার পছন্দের জব সিলেক্ট করতে পারবেন।

২. Behance
এটা গ্রাফিক্স ডিজাইনারদের জন্য অন্নতম একটি পোর্টফলিও ওয়েব সাইট। এখানে সারা বিশ্বের গ্রাফিক্স ডিজাইনাররা তাদের করা ডিজাইন গুলু সাবমিট করছে এবং তাদের পোর্টফলিও ওয়েব হিসেবে ব্যবহার করছে।  আপনি যদি একজন ভাল মানের গ্রাফিক্স ডিজাইনার হতেচান তাহলে এই ওয়েব সাইটে যুক্ত হন। এখানে আপনি এক্সপার্টদের কাজ দেখে অনেক কিছু শিখতে পারবেন। আর  এখানে এদের জব বোর্ডে অনেক ডিজাইনের কাজ পাওয়া যায়।

৩. Authentic Jobs
এটা একটা জব বোর্ড সাইট। প্রচুর পরিমান কাজ এখানে প্রতিনিয়ত যুক্ত হয়। Apple, Facebook, The New York Times এদের মত কোম্পানি এখানে যুক্ত আছে। আপনি যদি একজন প্রোফেসনাল ডিজাইনার হন তাহলে অনায়েশেই এখানে কাজ পেতে পারেন।

৪. AIGA Design Jobs
আমি যখন এই লিখাটি লিখছিলাম তখন এখানে ৩৪৩ টি জবের সুযোগ ছিল। এখানে প্রায় ১০,০০০ (দশ হাজার) এর মত জব আছে বিভিন্ন কোম্পানির যেমন Amazon, Ebay, MTV, Nokia ইত্যাদি।

৫. Krop
এটা বিহেন্সএর মতই। এখানে ইন্ড্রস্ত্রি লেভেলের জব টিউন হয়। আর এখানেও আপনি আপনার টিউনফলিও গুলু রাখতে পারবেন। বিশ্বের  সব থেকে বড় বড় ব্রান্ড  এই পোর্টাল ব্যবহার করে থাকে।

৬. Dribbble
আমার সব থেকে বেশি পছেন্দের একটি সাইট। এখানের বিশ্বের সব ক্রিয়েটিভ ডিজাইনাররা তাদের ডিজাইন গুলু রাখে। এই প্লাটফরম সারা বিশ্বের ডিজাইনারদের সাথে আপনাকে যুক্তও রাখতে সাহায্য করবে। আর এদের জব বোর্ডেও অনেক জব পাওয়া যায়। আর আপনার কাজ যদি ভালো হয় তাহলে হয়ত দেখা যাবে বায়ার আপনার পোর্টফলিও দেখে আপনাকে নক করবে না হায়ার করবে।

৭. Design Observer
এটাও একটি জব পোর্টাল আর এখানে আপনি ডিজাইনের অনেক জন পাবেন।

৮. Smashing Jobs
এটা মুলত একটি ম্যাগাজিন ওয়েব সাইট। এদের মাসিক ৪ মিলিয়ন ব্যবহারকারী আছে। আর এই ম্যাগাজিন টা হয়ত আমরা অনেকেই চিনি। আর এদের জব পোর্টালেও আপনি কাজ পেতে পারেন।

৯. Creative Hotlist
এটি একটি জব বোর্ড ওয়েব সাইট আর এখানে আপনাকে আপনার সিভি দিতে হবে এবং অ্যাকাউন্ট খুলতে হবে। আর আপনার চাহিদা অনুযায়ী কাজ খুজে নিতে হবে।

১০. Simply Hired
এই পোর্টালটিতে ৬ মিলিয়নের উপরে জব আছে। এটার ভিতরে গ্রাফিক্স ডিজাইন ছাড়াও আরও অনেক ধরনের কাজ আছে।

সময়ের অভাবে বিস্তারিত লিখতে পারলাম না।
http://www.techtunes.com.bd/freelancing/tune-id/384036

10 Reasons You Aren’t Getting Freelance Work

10 Reasons You Aren’t Getting Freelance Work

by Tamara Rice

We get it. Freelancing can be a tough gig to come by, and sometimes you can do everything right and still come up short of jobs. If you are one of those people, we wish you the best of luck and a world of patience in your continuing search for clients.

However, sometimes the key to success is as shockingly simple as tweaking a profile picture or lowering your rates.

Consider the following common online freelancing mistakes to be sure you are getting it right :

1. Your profile picture is working against you.
Unsmiling, grainy, sexy, or poor quality profile pictures can be devastating to your online freelancing career. You need a high resolution head shot with a pleasant smile — no naked shoulders or shirts bedazzled with “S-E-X-Y” allowed. Check out this How-To Guide for Your Perfect Profile Picture.

2. Your language skills are detracting from your work experience.
Misspellings, poor grammar and texting lingo are red flags to clients no matter what kind of work you do. Spell check should be a way of life and an online grammar class may be the best investment you ever make. Read the 10 Most Common Grammar Mistakes and never make them again.

3. You lack online proof of your abilities.
No matter what you do, you must find a way to showcase your skills through an online resume or portfolio. If your skills are difficult to prove online, ask previous employers for letters of recommendation to be scanned or quoted online. You can, and should, Build a Killer Online Portfolio.

4. You don’t have the experience most clients are looking for.
It is highly unlikely to launch a brand new career online with no experience. Set yourself on the path to success by bringing “real world” experience in your freelance niche.

5. Your low rates are making you look unqualified.
The value of a dollar is relative, we know. However, if you are the cheapest deal around, you also look like the least valuable deal around. Show confidence in the quality of your work and others will too. Find the right fee for you.

6. Your high rates are making you unaffordable to clients.
If you really have the experience to charge that much, but are not being snatched up online, you’re probably shooting too high. Lower your rates for first-time clients, so you have a chance to show them you’re worth it. Then read this piece about raising your rates.

7. You are too difficult to get in touch with.
In the online freelance world, hiring decisions are often made in hours, not days. If you aren’t getting back to people within a few hours or less, someone else is beating you to the punch and getting the job.

8. You are coming across as desperate.
It’s okay to vent the frustration of unemployment, but do it among friends. In the online world prospective clients need to see you as in-demand and successful. Lying isn’t necessary, just don’t wear your desperation everywhere you go. Learn the fine art of social networking — hint: it’s not about broadcasting your need for work.

9. You are waiting for work to come to you.
You need to apply for jobs in your specific field on a daily, if not hourly, basis. Simply asking for work on Facebook and other social media forums is not what pitching or networking is about, and is not going to get you a job any more than standing on a street corner with a sign. Apply, apply, apply and then read these tips on how to further boost your success.

10. You haven’t found your freelance niche.
It may be time to look at what you are offering clients. Think hard about your work and life experience, interests and education. Are you incorporating your areas of expertise into your freelance career? You might be more successful if you do.

Freelancing is not the right career path for everyone – any more than the medical field is the right career path for everyone. Still, you need to give yourself time to succeed. Be patient and ask other freelancers for advice and feedback in our provider forums.

Tamara Rice:
Freelance Writer and Editor,

Tamara Rice is one of several freelance writers on the oDesk Blog team. She joined the oDesk marketplace in 2009, after more than six years on staff at an award-winning national magazine.

101 Businesses That Will Make You an Extra $500 Next Month

101 Businesses That Will Make You an Extra $500 Next Month

This story originally appeared on Due
Are you tired of the 9-to-5 grind? Do you just want to get out of debt? Do you want to start putting money away for your retirement or dream vacation?

If you answered "yes" to any of those questions, then it’s time that you started side hustling. It may sound too difficult for you, but it’s not as bad as you may believe. You can actually start a side business almost immediately. And, most of the time, this new venture has a low-cost to enter.

Don’t trust me? Here are 101 businesses that meet that criteria and can put an additional $500 in your bank account by next month.

Freelancing
More than 53 million Americans have given-up the 9-to-5 daily grind to become freelancers. Freelancer can work from wherever they like and set their own schedules, so it’s a great choice for anyone looking to make a couple of extra hundred bucks a month.

1. User experience design
This is one of the fastest growing freelance jobs and involves designing products that are easy-to-use and enhances the user experience for website and and app users. The average national salary is a sold $87,883!

2. Graphic designer
Graphic designers develop logos, websites and visual advertisements for their clients. Full-time graphic designers can make around $45,000-$79,000 annually starting out depending on where they live. Here is a our guide to becoming a graphics designer.

3. Writer
One of the most popular freelancing gigs is writing. Whether if it’s for a blog post or advertising copy or writing legal documents, writers can make anywhere between $10 to $100 per hour.

4. ASP developer
There’s a demand for developers who can edit and customize web pages using the Active Server Pages. The reason? It runs parallel with HTML5.

5. Webpage developer
Every business is expected to have a website these days. That’s why they’re willing to hire people to build sales pages, landing pages and other web designs to improve the bottom line. Even if you don’t have mad coding skills, you can still offer this service if you have some marketing skills and an eye for detail.

6. Social media marketer
Like websites, brands are expected to have a presence on social media. Social media marketers are the people in charge of launching a social media campaign. They can make around $46,000 annually.

7. Photographer
Photography is another popular freelancing gig. Just make sure that you have your niche down first. This could be a wedding photography, taking pictures of products or even snapping property for realtors. Here is our guide to becoming a photographer.

8. Animator
There’s a growing demand for freelancers who can draw illustrations for commercials, infographics or logos. They can earn about $35 per hour.

9. Video editor
As more and more brands look to create video content, there’s a need for editors to fix errors and add video or audio content. Full-time editors can make more than $60,000 annually.

10. Voice actor
Do you have a “golden” voice? If so, you can earn between $56 to $72 per hour doing voice work for ads, games, e-learning or audiobooks.

11. App developer
Developing apps for mobile devices is a booming business where full-time developers make around $85,000 a year!

12. Virtual assistant
Virtual assistants handle everything from organizing emails, managing social media and blog posts, making travel arrangements and scheduling. These remote workers can charge up to $50-$75/hour.

13. Proofreader
Proofreaders just review written documents to make sure that there aren’t any spelling, grammatical or typographical errors.

14. Audio transcribing
You’re sent an audio file by a company. You then listen to the file, type it-out and send the document back to the company. Talented transcriber can easily make $500 a month.

15. Data mining
There’s been a lot of talk about big data. But, most people and companies don’t have the time to discuss this information. That’s where you come-in and analyze the data so that you can notice any trends. Full-time date miners can make a salary of about $60,000 annually.

Consulting
As a consultant you use your existing experience or skills to help businesses solve one of the following problems.

16. Human resources
HR involves tasks like scouting, hiring and training talent. Today, HR also oversees organizational leaders and handles strategic initiatives like mergers and acquisitions.

17. Public relations
The main responsibility of PR consultants is to control what people think about a person, business, or products. They also manage damage control when a mistake, like an executive sending out an inappropriate tweet.

18. IT
Information Technology consultants recommend hardware and software and troubleshoot any issues when a system crashes.

19. Marketing
Marketing consultants develop strategies to help businesses promote, sell and distribute their goods or services. Here is our guide to becoming a better consultant.

20. Financial
These types of consultants cover a wide arrange of areas like advisors who can help businesses and individual with financial advice like how to balance their books, establish a budget or suggest investment opportunities. There are also tax accountants who notify you of the latest regulations and which deductions you can claim.

21. Legal
In short, a legal consultant provides advice on how a client can identify, avoid and solve any legal matters like ownership of intellectual property, real estate or employee contracts.

22. Business systems and performance improvement
These consultants guide businesses in implementing business systems and handling conversion and integration, or repair any existing issues.

23. Internet security
Security is a major concern for businesses, so the security of computers, for both businesses or individuals, pays around $51 per hour.

24. Startup
Have you ever launched a startup? Or, at least been a part of an early start-up team, then share your experiences and knowledge, like how to be lean and make a pitch to investors and how to be lean. I’ve found that most startup founders (after their first year) on average pay themselves around $54 per hour.

25. Green
With an increasing amount of pressure for people and organizations to be more environmentally-friendly, these consultants provide advice on how to become, well, more “green.”

Hobbies
26. Personal chef
Are you known for your delicious, home-cooked meals? People who don’t have the time, or skills, will gladly pay you to cook for them.

27. Caterer
Similar to being a personal chef, catering allows you to still show off your culinary skills, but instead of cooking daily meals for a client, you just focus on one or two events during the weekend.

28. Baker
If you’re an excellent baker, then you can start selling your baked goods to your friends, neighbors, online or at local farmer’s markets and bazaars.

29. Painter
Whether if it’s drawing caricatures at fairs or local parks, painting portraits that a client will display in their office, or selling your pieces online, this is another hobby that can earn you some extra income.

30. Musical tutor
Regardless of the instrument, there is definitely a market for people wanting to learn how to play a musical instrument. You can do this in your home or even start a subscription-based website.

31. YouTube personality
Believe it or not, creating and publishing videos on YouTube has made a lot people millionaires. With video content at an all-time high, there’s no reason why you couldn’t take a piece of this pie.

32. Woodworking
If you make handmade wooden crafts for fun then start selling on Etsy or your local farmer’s market.

33. Knit or crochet
Another popular handmade market is for knitted items like blankets, shawls, and clothing. Again, Etsy is a great place to start selling these items.

34. Jewelry maker
Besides Etsy, local spas, resorts and hair salons all want to sell handmade jewelry because it’s currently in high-demand.

35. Scrapbooking
A lot of us want to preserve and be able to present moment for our lives, but we simply don’t have the time or creativity to do so. That’s why scrapbookers is another profitable hobby in today’s world.

36. Farmer or gardener
Do you have a green thumb? Or, love taking care of livestock? Then you can start selling plants, produce, eggs and meat to customers who want either local or organic goods.

37. Light mechanic work
You probably don’t have a large enough garage, or the equipment, to put in a new engine. But, if you do have mechanical skills, then you can offer light mechanical work, like oil changes and changing belts.

38. Mobile computer repair
If you’re able to repair computers, then this definitely an excellent side business since we all own some sort of computer these days. To stand out, however, launch a mobile computer repair business so that you go to your customers.

39. Athletic scout/sports rep
Are you a sports fanatic? Then about catching the next superstar or represent a local athlete? There may be some traveling involved, but you can do a bulk of your work, like making phone calls and watching videos, at home.

40. Event planner
If you’re the type of organized person who enjoys planning parties, then this is an obvious business for you to start.

41. Travel agent
Even though there is no-shortage of bargain travel site, people don’t have the patience to compare them all. So, why not do that for them based on your love and experience of traveling.

Product-based businesses
Here is a list of business ideas that involve selling an actual product.

42. Sell used items
People have been making a profit by selling their junk on eBay and Craigslist for years. Go through your home and start getting rid of the stuff you don’t need. When you run out, then start buying other people’s stuff and reselling it.

43. Drop shipping
With drop shipping you still sell items online. However, it’s for a manufacturer. This means you don’t have to worry about inventory or shipping the items. The manufacturer does all of that for you.

44. Affiliate marketing
Affiliate marketing is where you plug a business or product on your blog or website. They’ll give you a special URL code so that whenever a visitor clicks on that link you’ll get a commission.

45. Direct salesperson
Whether it’s hosting an Avon, Pampered Chef or Tupperware party, this model has been a popular option for years for anyone wanting to make some extra cash.

46. Flip freebies
Go to the free section of Craigslist and see what’s in your neighborhood. Loading up a pickup full of scrap metal means that you can go directly to the scrapyard and have cash in your hands today.

47. Sell kits or baskets
People enjoy ready-made kits or baskets, specifically when it appeals to a niche, such as a housewarming gift or for new parents. You can sell these online or locally.

48. Operate vending machines
Someone has to replenish this vending machines. But, you can stand-out by offering healthier options on-top of chips and candy.

49. Sell information products online
If you’re knowledgeable in a specific area then you can profit of that by selling an eBook, launching a subscription service, or creating video tutorials.

50. Part-time realtor
The real-estate industry is experiencing some growth, so becoming part-time real-estate agent can be a nice supplemental income until you’re ready to go full-time.

Home, health and personal services
This batch of business opportunities focus on areas like home improvement, healthcare and performing tasks for others.

51. Cutting lawns
Even if the homeowner enjoys mowing their yard, they may not have the time to keep up with it. Cutting a couple of your neighbors yards could quickly add-up and potentially become a full-time when word spreads.

52. Seasonal yard clean-ups
Weeding flowerbeds, trimming hedges, raking or blowing leaves and cleaning out other debris like fallen branches is time-consuming. And, some people physically can’t do this type of work. You can easily make $100 per yard.

53. Cleaning gutters
If you’re not afraid of heights, this is another job where you can charge at least $100 to remove debris from gutters.

54. Snow removal
This is another task that some people either don’t enjoy or can’t do so because of their health. The only problem is that it relies on the weather.

55. Painting
Not everyone enjoys spending their weekend painting the interior of their house. There’s no reason why you couldn’t make at least $100 or more per room.

56. Home cleaning
Like many of the chores already listed, people don’t have the time, desire or health to clean their houses as much as they would like. It’s another low-cost business to start that can end-up being profitable.

57. Housesitting
There are people who travel frequently, sometimes for months at-a-time. To ensure that nothing happens to their home they hire a house sitter through Craigslist or sites like Mind-a-Home.

Sometimes you don’t even need to stay there full-time. I have a friend who lives in a beach resort town year-round and she went around checking on homes and businesses that were vacated for the season to make sure that there wasn’t any damage. She made enough money where she didn’t have to work that winter.

58. Babysitting
This is no longer a job for teenagers. There are a lot of people who either need babysitters for when they’re at work or when they have dinner plans on a Saturday night. A couple of gigs can quickly make you $500 in a month. And, maybe you can eventually start you’re own day care after securing enough clients, and obtaining the right permits.

59. Pet care
We love our pets. And, that’s why the pet industry is making billions of dollars each year. You can make money in this area too by either watching pets when their owners go on vacation, walking them when people are at work, or even starting your own grooming business.

60. Interior decorating
For those who want to have a swanky and well-organized home, but don’t have the eye, they’ll contact an interior decorator to do it for them. If this is something that you excel at, I would start collecting ideas and building your portfolio now. And, you don’t have to stick with residential homes. Office also hire interior decorators.

61. Setting up holiday decorations
As with many of the other suggestions in this collection, setting-up holiday decorations is a task that not everyone can attend to. In fact, it’s not uncommon to charge a homeowner a $100/per hour for putting-up Halloween or Christmas decorations.

62. Mortgage/debt-reduction service
Homeowners will gladly hire you for your knowledge if you can reduce their mortgage payments or debt by providing them alternative payment options and setting-up a budget for them.

63. Local field inspector
Independent field inspectors don’t require formal training and simply survey properties. They also have to fill-out some basic forms and snap a few pictures. Doing this for about 12 hours per week could earn you a fast $500.

64. Home inspection
If you’ve worked in construction and the proper certification, then you can inspect homes or office buildings to make sure that they’re up to code so that they’re ready to be inhabited.

65. Home-entertainment installation
Have you ever watched a novice try to hook-up their home-entertainment systems? It’s actually very amusing. But, if you have no problem installing and connecting these gadgets, then it’s an interesting opportunity.

66. Moving furniture
How many times have you gone to Ikea or moved across town and didn’t have the truck to move this furniture? It happens frequently. If you have a large enough vehicle, and some muscle, then moving furniture from location to another can become a profitable business.

67. Hairstylist
You don’t have to go to cosmetology school, but you do actually have to have a knack for cutting and styling hair. If you do, then this is a business you can start right now in your home.

68. Patient advocate
If you’re knowledgeable about the complicated world of health care, then you can become a patient advocate who helps patients navigate through these process after they’ve had a hospital visit.

69. Process medical claims
Staying in the medical field, you can help people properly file their medical claims so that their insurance company is billed in a timely manner.

70. Senior care
Senior care is projected to become a major industry as more and more people get older. Senior care services could be anything from driving people to doctor’s appointments, keeping them company, cleaning their homes or cooking for them.

71. Personal trainer
If you enjoy working out, and want to motivate others to get healthy, then you can become a personal trainer after getting your certification.

72. Personal shopper
You can even go shopping for the people who can’t stand the grocery store or just don’t have the extra time.

73. Delivering pet/baby food and supplies
Have you lugged around a bag of dog food or ran out of diapers in the middle of the night. Both situations can be frustrating? That’s why people wouldn’t hesitate for someone else to deliver food and supplies for their pets and children.

74. Running errands or doing odd jobs
Whether if it’s driving someone to the airport, picking-up their dry cleaning or doing odd jobs for them, like light electrical or plumbing work, then you can make a comfortable living by starting your own business or joining sites like TaskRabbit.

Business services
Here is a list of services that you can provide local business owners.

75. Referral service/office relocation
This is essentially a “welcome wagon” for business owners who just arrived in town. You can get paid by referring them to local vendors, consultants and other local business owners.

This is another similar service that you can provide to new arrivals by pointing them in the right direction of a new office building and the local business owners they should be acquainted with, like the equipment repair company.

76. Packing and unpacking
You can make moving just a bit less hectic for a business by either packing or packing their belongings and equipment.

77. Window washing
Dirty windows don’t make a great first impression for potential clients. But, they can be difficult to clean. Which is why businesses pay for this service.

78. Miniblind cleaning
Another item that is difficult to clean are mini blinds. These also get extremely dirty and dusty, which is never good for an office environment. You can charge an organization to clean their blinds by simply dipping them in a gentle cleansing solution.

79. Bookkeeping
Businesses of all sizes need to keep organized financial records. Unfortunately, that’s not always a priority. Even though there is awesome bookkeeping software, they still need a set of eyes to kap tabs on any suspicious activity and prepared for tax-season.

80. Business travel management
Most businesses have to do some traveling. You can make that a bit easier, and cheaper, for them by booking cheap airline tickets and lodging, keeping travel receipts and managing rewards like frequent flier miles.

81. Power washing
Driveways, parking lots, sidewalks, the sides of office buildings and vehicles all get dirty after a while. If you have a power washer, you can clean these for business owners so that they always make a solid first impression.

82. Plant maintenance
It’s been proven that plants make people more productive. No wonder offices are filled with them. But, these plants often get neglected. You can offer a plant maintenance service where you water, fertilize, prune and move plants to larger pots.

83. Limousine service
Business owners want to impress their potential high-profile clients. That’s why they have a limo waiting for them at the airport when the client arrives. All you need is a limo, insurance and some marketing to get started with your own limo service.

84. Restaurant delivery
Employees don’t have enough time to leave the office to pick up their lunch. That’s why a delivery service that picks up food from any restaurant in town is a thriving business.

85. Debt-collection
The longer that invoice go unpaid, the less likely they’ll be paid. Instead of businesses chasing those bills, they’d rather hire you to do the legwork for them.

86. Language translation
Since we live in a global economy, there’s a chance that business owners will have deals with foreign customers and clients. But, what if there is a language barrier? If you’re fluent in another language then you can help this business overcome that barrier.

87. Seminar preparation
Organizations love to sponsor or host seminars or industry events. But, this takes a lot of planning to pull-off. You can book the speakers, venue, caterers and promote the event for them in exchange for a hefty profit.

88. Public speaking/coaching
It’s not uncommon for businesses to bring-in outside experts to educate and motivate their employees. If you’re charismatic, and are an expert in your field, you make a comfortable living going in this route.

89. Apartment prepping
It’s not uncommon for businesses to own apartments. The reason? They’re either used for consultants who are temporarily in town or for employees who just moved into town and haven’t found their own place yet. You can prepare these apartments by doing some light maintenance, like painting and cleaning, so that apartment is ready to be inhabited.

Renting out…
You can pretty much rent anything out. Such as…

90. Your home
Whether if it’s Airbnb, renting out a spare room to a boarder or hosting a foreign student, there are multiple ways for you to profit from your home each month.

91. Storage space
If you have a space that is perfect for storing belongings, such as a basement, attic, shed or trailer then storing others to place their stuff there.

92. Garage
Mechanics and car aficionados are constantly on the hunt for an affordable garage. If your’s is unoccupied, then this is an easy way to pocket a couple of hundred bucks.

93. Parking space/driveway
If you have a parking space, or live near an arena or stadium, then you can park somewhere else whenever there are big events going and rent the space out to desperate commuters.

94. Vehicle/bicycle
With RelayRides and Spinlister you can rent out your vehicle or bicycle to people you need temporary transportation.

95. Yard equipment, tools, personal items, furniture
New homeowners may not have the tools to do yard work or basic home repairs. You can rent out these items, like shovels or drills, to these people whenever they need them.

You can even rent out home items, like kitchenware or televisions, to people who are entertaining guests and need these items for just this one-occasion. You can even rent out your clothing.

Also, regardless if it’s a couch or outdoor furniture, these items are expensive and some folks may prefer to rent them out instead of making such a large investment.

96. Party equipment
Everything from photo booths to inflatable moon-bounces to tables and chairs can be rented out to people who are hosting a birthday party, wedding or family reunion.

97. Your time
Through sites like Rent A Friend you can actually be rented out to be someone’s friend.

Investments
Finally, if you’re good with numbers and like taking risks, you can start investing money.

98. Exchange traded fund
This is a combination of an index mutual fund and a stock fund. They’re simple, low-cost and perfect for more conservative investors.

99. Dividend paying stocks
This is investing in companies with a good and consistent track record, so it’s perfect for those looking for a passive income.

100. Peer-to-peer lending
With companies like Lending Tree and Prosper, you lend money directly to people requesting a loan. You make interest on the loan, so this is another safe and profitable investment opportunity.

101. Penny stocks
Penny stocks aren’t expensive, but they can make a decent profit for aggressive traders.

Saturday, November 26, 2016

বাংলাদেশের নদনদী


বাংলাদেশের প্রধান নদনদীসমূহ:

নদীমাতৃক বাংলাদেশে অসংখ্য নদনদীর মধ্যে অনেকগুলো আকার এবং গুরুত্বে বিশাল। এসব নদীকে বড় নদী হিসেবে উল্লেখ করা হয়।বৃহৎ নদী হিসেবে কয়েকটিকে উল্লেখ করা যায় এমন নদীসমূহ হচ্ছে: পদ্মামেঘনা,যমুনাব্রহ্মপুত্রকর্ণফুলিশীতলক্ষ্যাগোমতী ইত্যাদি।

পাউবো নির্ধারিত:

বাংলাদেশ পানি উন্নয়ন বোর্ড বা "পাউবো" বাংলাদেশের নদীগুলোকে সংখ্যাবদ্ধ করেছে এবং প্রতিটি নদীর একটি পরিচিতি নম্বর দিয়েছে। এর ফলে তাদের হিসাব অনুযায়ি বাংলাদেশে নদীর সংখ্যা এখন ৪০৫টি। পাউবো কর্তৃক নির্ধারিত দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের নদী (১০২টি) , উত্তর-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের নদী (১১৫টি), উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নদী (৮৭টি), উত্তর-কেন্দ্রীয় অঞ্চলের নদী (৬১টি), পূর্ব-পাহাড়ি অঞ্চলের নদী (১৬টি) এবং দক্ষিণ-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নদী (২৪টি) হিসেবে বিভাজন করে তালিকাভুক্ত করা হয়েছে।[১]

দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের নদী[সম্পাদনা]

উত্তর-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের নদী[সম্পাদনা]

উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নদী[সম্পাদনা]

উত্তর-কেন্দ্রীয় অঞ্চলের নদী[সম্পাদনা]

পূর্ব-পাহাড়ি অঞ্চলের নদী[সম্পাদনা]

দক্ষিণ-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নদী[সম্পাদনা]

অন্যান্য নদী:

উপরে উল্লেখিত ৪০৫টি নদী ছাড়াও বাংলাদেশে আরও চার শতাধিক নদী রয়েছে। সেসবের কিছু নদীর নাম নিচে দেয়া হলও।


বাংলাদেশের সবগুলো নদীর একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ তালিকা প্রস্ত্তত করা বেশ কঠিন। নদীর নামকরণের ক্ষেত্রে এদেশে কোনো ধরনের নীতিমালা অনুসরণ করা হয়
ইছাখালি, কুরসাই, সিঙ্গুর গঙ্গা, কাপ্তাই, রিগারী খিংর, চাঁদখালি, কুমিরাখালি, চেঙ্গি, মাইনী: (৩০টি)।

কুষ্টিয়া  মাথাভাঙা, গড়াই, জলাঙ্গি, মাগরখালি: (৪টি)।

যশোর  আপার ভৈরব, লোয়ার ভৈরব, চিত্রা, বেগবতী, নবগঙ্গা, চন্দনা, কপোতাক্ষ, বারাসিয়া, খোলপটুয়া এলেংখালি, পানগুবি, কবা, কালীগঙ্গা, কাঠিপাতা, দড়াটানার খাল, মরিছোপ, চাঁদখোনি, পাংগানি, নাইনগত্র সমুদ্র, বড় পাঙ্গা, কুমার, বড় গাংদিয়াদহ, আমলা মদরপুর, ডাকোয়া, মরা গড়াই, বারাসিয়া, পালং, আত্রাই। (২৮টি)।

ফরিদপুর মধুমতী, কুমার, আড়িয়াল খাঁ, আতাই নদী, মাদারিপুর বিল রুট: (৫টি)।

খুলনা  ভদ্রা, আঠারোবাঁকী, আলাইপুর খাল, খোলপটুয়া, শিবসা, রূপসা, বলেশ্বর, গাসিয়াখালি, পশুর, আড়, পাঙ্গানিয়া, ওড়াটমা, ইছামতী, নমুদ সমুদ্র, সোনাগাঙ্গ, ভাঙরা, কুঙ্গা, মালঞ্চ, সাতক্ষীরা, সুতাখালী, রাইমঙ্গল, মারজাত, হরিণভাঙা, মহাভাঙা, গলাঙ্গী, হরিপুর, সোনাই, বুধহাটার গাঙ, ঢাকি, গালঘেমিয়া, উজীরপুর কাটাখাল, গুচিয়াখালি, বদুরগাছা, ডেলুটি, মানস, কয়ারা, আড়-শিবসা, কালিন্দী, মজুদখালি খাল, আকরার খাল, মংলা, সোলা, পায়রা, আন্দ্রনমুখো, মুহুরী, মোদলা, হাড়িয়াভাঙা, গানগুবি, কচা, পাকাশিয়া, মৈয়ার গাং, কাবিপাতা, ঝাঁক, শিয়ালীর খাল, নারায়ণখালী, কদমতলি, বাংরা, শীলা, কলাগাছিয়া, বাঁশতলী, সালখি, শাকবাড়িয়া, আলকি, মানিকদিয়া, চন্দেশ্বর, পানকুশী, বলেশ্বর, বলমার্জার বা মাঞ্জাল, কাগীবাগ, রামপাল: (৭১টি)।

বরিশাল বিষখালি, স্বরূপকাঠী বা সন্ধ্যা, বাবুগঞ্জ, হেমদা, লোহালিয়া, শাহবাজপুর, নয়াভাঙা, রাজগঞ্জ, গণেশপুর, দুবালদিয়া, তোরকি বা তুর্কি, কীর্তনখোলা, ধরমগঞ্জ, ঝিলিনহা, মনকুঠা, মুলতানি, কারখোমা, আলগি, ধুলিয়া, গঙ্গালিয়া, বুড়িশ্বর, কালীগঙ্গা, হরিণঘাটা, পাতুয়া, তেঁতুলিয়া, ধলিয়া, নীলাশী, নবগঙ্গা, ভোলা, পাকাশিয়া, চন্দনা বা পাংশা, জাবনাসবাদ, বলেশ্বর, শশ্মান ঘাট, মৈয়ার গাং, নয়া ভাঙনী, গৌরনদী, কালাবদর, মীরগামারী, কচা বা কোচা, লতা, ইলিশ বা ইলশা, কবাখালি, মধুমতী, আন্ধার মানিক, রাবণাবাদ বা পটুয়া, বুড়া গৌরাঙ্গ, বাকেরগঞ্জ, আমতলা, ধানসিঁড়ি, সুগন্ধা, ঝালকাঠি, চালনা, এলেংখালি, নলবিটি, খরবোরাবাদ, গলাচিপা: (৫৭টি)।

সুন্দরবন অঞ্চল  বলেশ্বর, সুমতি, ছাপড়াখালি, বড় শেওলা, হরিণ চীনা, শরনখোলা, আমবাড়ে, চান্দেশ্বর, কাপা, কালিন্দি, সঠকা, জাভো, মরা পশুর, ডাংমারি, বিলে, ছুতোরখালি, চালো বগি, হরমহল, বেড়ি-আদা, বাকির খাল, আড়-শিবসা, হড্ডা, মহিষে, ছাছোন হোগলা, মজ্জত, শাকবাড়ে-সিঙ্গা, গোলখালি, কুকুমারি, কলাগাছে, ডোমরখালি, হংসরাগ, কাগা, নীলকমল, খেজুরদানা, সেজিখালি, বাইনতলা, বাঙ্গাবালী, দোবেকি, ফিরিঙ্গি, মানদো, কেওড়াসুতী, বন্দো, ধকোলা, লতাবেড়ি, ভেটুইপাড়া, বালুইঝাঁকি, কালিকাবাড়ী, বেকারদোন, আন্ধার মানিক, ঝালে, পাটকোষ্টা, বাসে, গোলভকসা, ধানিবুনে, হরিখালি, মনসার বেড়, পুষ্পকাটি, গঙ্গাসাগর, কালী লাই, বগী চেঁচানে, কুঁড়েখালি, ভূয়ের দনে, কাঠেশ্বর, সোনারুপাখালি, দুধমুখ, লাঠিকারা, তেরকাটি, ধানঘরা, আড়বাসে, দক্ষিণচরা, সাপখালি, কদমতলি, বুড়ের ডাবুর, লক্ষ্মী পশুর, মানকি, আশাশুনি, তালতক্তা, ধ্বজিখালি, মন্ডপতলা, নেতোখালি, ভায়েলা, বাগানবাড়ি, ঝাড়াবাগনা, বগাউড়া, বক্সখালি, চাইলতাবাড়ি, সিঙ্গড়তলি, মাথাভাঙা, নারায়ণতলি, কইখালি, মথুরা, খাসিটানা, আগুনজ্বালা, ফুলঝুরী, মালাবগা, খামুরদানা, উবদে, গুবদে, সোনাইপাঁঠী, ধোনাইর গাঙ, কানাইকাঠি, মরিচঝাঁপি, নেতাই তালপাঁঠী, ধনপতি, রাগাখালি, মুক্ত বাঙাল, আরিজাখালি, দুলোর টেক, যিনগিলি, বিবির মাদে, টেকাখালি, দেউর যাঁদে, চামটা কামটা, কুঞ্চে মাঠে, ব্যয়লা কয়লা, মাদার বাড়ে, বয়ার নালা, হানকে, ধনচের নদী, মূল্যে মেঘনা, বাইলো, বেতমুড়ি, বুড়িগোল্লি, চুনকুড়ি, মায়াদি, ফুলবাড়ি, তালতলি, আংরা কনা, গাড়ার নদী, বাদামতলি, ভুতের গাঙ, বৈকুণ্ঠ হানা, করপুরো, ছায়া হলড়ি, আড়ভাঙা, তালকপাঁঠী, খেজুরে কুড়ূলে, ছোটো শেওলা, কাঁচিকাটা, দাইর গাঙ, বৈকিরী, জালঘাটা, ইলিশমারি, ঝলকি, সাতনলা, মকুরনি, হেলার বেড়, কালিন্দে, শাকভাতে, গোন্দা, পালা, তেরবেঁকী, তালবাড়ে, হেড় মাতলা, ভুড়ভুড়ে, ছদনখালি, ফটকের দনে, ভরকুন্ডে, কেঁদাখালি, নওবেঁকী, কলসের বালি, পানির খাল, কুলতলি, বড়বাড়ে, মুকুলে, মধুখালি, পাশকাটি, গোছবা, ঘাট হারানো, গাবান্দারা, লোকের ছিপি, বাহার নদীপার, বড় মাতলা, পায়রা ঠুনী, কালবেয়ারা, ঢুকুনী, পারশে মারী: (১৭৭টি)। [মোহা. শামসুল আলম এবং মাসুদ হাসান চৌধুরী]

আরও দেখুন ব্রহ্মপুত্র-যমুনা নদীপ্রণালী; গঙ্গা-পদ্মা নদীপ্রণালী; সুরমা-মেঘনা নদীপ্রণালী; চট্টগ্রাম অঞ্চলের নদীপ্রণালী; আন্তঃসীমান্ত নদী।

গ্রন্থপঞ্জি  আব্দুল ওয়াজেদ, বাংলাদেশের নদীমালা, ঢাকা, ১৯৯১; এফ এইচ খাঁন, বাংলাদেশের ভূতত্ত্ব (Geology of Bangladesh), ইউনিভারসিটি প্রেস লিমিটেড, ঢাকা, ১৯৯১; হারুন-অর-রশিদ, বাংলাদেশের ভূগোল (Geography of Bangladesh), ইউনিভারসিটি প্রেস লিমিটেড, ঢাকা, ১৯৯১; সিরাজুল ইসলাম চৌধুরী, আর্থনীতিক ভূগোল: বিশ্ব ও বাংলাদেশ, ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, ১৯৯৫; হিউগ ব্রামার, বাংলাদেশের মৃত্তিকা ভূগোল (The Geography of the Soils of Bangladesh), ইউনিভারসিটি প্রেস লিমিটেড, ঢাকা, ১৯৯৬; বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো (বিবিএস), স্ট্যাটিসটিকাল ইয়ারবুক অব বাংলাদেশ ১৯৯৮, বিবিএস, ঢাকা, ১৯৯৯।